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Tiger hunting
Tiger hunting is the capture and killing of tigers. Humans are the tiger's most significant predator, and illegal poaching is a major threat to the tiger. The Bengal Tiger is the most common subspecies of tiger, constituting approximately 80% of the entire tiger population, and is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, and India and has been hunted in those countries for centuries. The tiger has historically been a popular big game animal and has been hunted for prestige as well as for taking trophies. Extensive poaching has continued even after such hunting became illegal and legal protection was provided to the Tiger. Now a conservation-reliant endangered species, the majority of the world's tigers live in captivity.〔(Vital Statistics: More Information ). Vitalstatistics.info. Retrieved on 26 February 2012.〕 Tigers were once considered to be harder to hunt than lions, due to their habit of living alone in dense cover and not noisily asserting their presence with roars as often.〔
==History==
Historically tigers have been hunted on foot, horseback, elephant-back, and from machans. Any of these involved considerable danger and the hunting of a tiger had been considered a manly and courageous feat with game trophies being collected as symbols of valor and prestige. In some places such as China, tigers were also perceived to be a threat to human life in the area, so those who managed to kill them were hailed as heroes to the general public.
While the tiger was widely extant and not threatened up to the first decades of the twentieth century, hunting and habitat loss reduced its population in India from 40,000 to less than 1,800 in a mere hundred years.〔(Asia Times Online :: South Asia news, business and economy from India and Pakistan ). Atimes.com (21 March 2006). Retrieved on 26 February 2012.〕 Despite the prevalence of tiger hunting as a royal sport for centuries, the consequences were larger during the British Raj due to the use of far superior firepower and an interest to hunt shared by a much larger number of colonial aristocrats.
In 1986, it was discovered that tigers were declining rapidly due to being poisoned, snared or shot and then smuggled out of India to supply medicinal manufacturers in China.〔Nichols, Michael, and Geoffrey C. Ward. (1998). "The Year of the Tiger." National Geographic Society. Print.〕 By 1992, the trade industry paid a total of 12.4 million dollars for 200 tigers that were harvested by poachers.〔 Since that time, the Chinese have banned poaching and the tiger part trade. However, this has only increased the value of poached tigers. Individual poachers now get approximately $800 per tiger, but those associated with well-known established gangs can receive up to $5,000 per body received.〔 In addition to poaching, to compensate for the banning of trade in tiger parts, China has begun harvesting tigers by means of "tiger farming."〔Abbott, Brant, and G. Cornelis van Kooten. (2010). "Can Domestication of Wildlife Lead to Conservation? The Economics of Tiger Farming in China." Ecological Economics 70:721-728.〕 This enables them to breed captive tigers for the purpose of selling their parts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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